汉语用敬称表达对称方式探析

Expressions Referring to the Listener with Chinese Honorific

汉语表达对称的方式丰富多样,显示出汉语强大的表达力。敬称是其中的一种,在汉语对称表达方式中占有重要地位。以古代汉语、近代汉语和现代汉语三个时期的著作《世说新语》、《水浒传》、《茶馆》等为语言材料,对汉语用敬称表达对称的方式进行历时研究,可以得出结论:从古到今,用敬称表达对称的形式有沿袭,也有创新。用敬称称呼对方是我国礼仪文化的显著特征。

Expressions referring to the listener in the face-to-face dialogue are rich,which shows great power of Chinese.The honorific is just one kind of such expressions.Taking some materials from the master pieces Shi Shuo Xin Yu,Outlaws of the Marsh and Tea House as examples of three periods of China（ancient period,modern period,contemporary period）,it is found that honorific was used long ago.However,this method was also innovated.It is characteristic of etiquette culture.