刑法学视域下的克隆人及其立法

Human Cloning and Relative Legislation:From the Perspective of Criminal Law

克隆人是现代生命科技发展带给人类社会的一个挑战。从技术应用的目的上看,克隆可以被划分为治疗性克隆与生殖性克隆。在有关克隆人是否具有犯罪性以及刑法应否禁止克隆人的问题上,存在着"肯定论"与"否定论"两种截然相反的观点。站在刑法的视域下,生殖性克隆人是一种完全不同于治疗性克隆人的行为,它无法摆脱伦理上的非难性,已经超出了社会可承受的范围,其本质是一种反社会的犯罪行为,对于这种行为,刑法应当将其入罪化,并配设适宜的刑事责任。当前我国现行立法中已经对生殖性克隆人作出了明令禁止,但却未就从事生殖性克隆人研究的刑事责任作出任何规定,也未出台有关克隆技术规范的专门立法。为此,需要制定一部《克隆技术管理法》,并修改现行刑法的规定,增设"非法从事生殖性人体克隆研究罪"。

Into our eyes has now come human cloning as a great challenge to human society due to the development of life science and technology.From the angle of applied technology,cloning can be itemized into therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning.As for whether human cloning should be criminalized or prohibited,there is considerable divergence.From the perspective of criminal law,reproductive human cloning,having exceeded endurance of society,is different from therapeutic one,and thus cannot escape ethical blame.Since it is in essence an offense against society,it should be criminalized with appropriate punishments.Reproductive human cloning has been expressly prohibited in existing Chinese legislation.However,criminal liability related to reproductive human cloning research has never been prescribed and no specific law concerning cloning technology has been enacted.As such,an Act of Cloning Technology should be promulgated and the existing criminal law be amended with the offense of engaging in reproductive human cloning added.