不同类型亲本的杂交粳稻产量性状比较

Comparison on Yield Traits of Japonica Hybrid Rice Derived from Different Types of Parents

收集不同熟期、不同类型的BT型粳稻不育系(保持系)和恢复系,对亲本分别按不同性状进行聚类,比较分析不同类型亲本配组杂种后代的性状表现,结果表明:1)不同类型亲本配组,杂种的性状一般表现为中间类型;2)亲本的抽穗期、株高对杂种单株穗数、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、单株产量、单株颖花量等多数产量性状无明显影响。亲本的穗粒结构对杂种的穗粒构成有明显影响,多穗型亲本间配组,杂种每穗总粒数及单株颖花量、产量潜力均较小;大穗型亲本间配组,杂种每穗总粒数及单株颖花量、产量潜力均较大;3)以多穗型不育系与大穗型恢复系配组,产量较高,是现有亲本配制杂交粳稻一种较好的配组方式;4)直立穗不育系与弯曲穗恢复系配组,杂种单株颖花量最多,产量潜力最大,而且株叶形态较好,如筛选到结实率高的组合,该配组方式的杂种具有较高的增产潜力。

For investigating the effects of parent on yield traits of japonica hybrid rice,16 BT type cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterile lines （A line）,and their corresponding maintainer lines （B line） and 16 restorer lines （R line） were used to make 229 hybrids.According to the results of clustering analysis,229 F1 hybrids were divided into different groups.By comparing the traits of hybrids in different groups,it is concluded that most traits of F1 hybrids derived from different types of A lines and R lines were mid-type between their parents.Heading date and plant height of the parents had no obvious effect on panicle number per plant,spikelet number per panicle,filled grain number per panicle,grain yield per plant and total spikelet number per plant of F1 hybrids.But panicle number per plant and spikelet number per panicle of parents had an obvious impact on F1 hybrids.Spikelet number per panicle,total spikelet number per plant and yield potential of the F1 hybrids derived from small panicle type parents （with less grains in a panicle） were less,whereas these of the F1 hybrids derived from large-panicle type parents were more.F1 hybrids derived from small panicle type A lines and large-panicle type R lines had higher yield than others,which could be a better mating type for japonica hybrid rice breeding.F1 hybrids orignated from erect panicle A lines with curved panicle R lines had the most spikelet number per plant,the highest yield potential and best plant type among four mating types.