晚清翻译小说的误读、误译与创造性误译考辨

A Textual Study of Misreading,Mistranslation and Creative Mistranslation in Translated Novels in Late Qing Dynasty

本文将"创造性误译"引进文学翻译领域,着重考察了晚清翻译文学中"创造性误译"的学理价值,视代表晚清翻译文学最高成就的林译小说为个案,剖析其代表作《茶花女》。具体而言,按照"误读→误译→创造性误译"的思路阐释"创造性误译"的研究理据,借以说明"误读、误译与创造性误译"之间的转承关系,从哈罗德·布鲁姆(Harold Bloom)的"误读理论"出发,论证"误读文学作品不仅是普遍的现象,而且赋予文本以崭新的生命",梳理林译小说中"创造性误译"的由来、特点与作用,凭籍译学的文化研究方法,将林纾的翻译活动置于当时的社会、文化背景,并与晚清社会思潮、文化思潮相结合,重新审视林译小说的历史价值。

This paper attempts to introduce Creative Mistranslation into the translation studies and re-evaluate its value based on the systematic study of Lin Shu＇s Chinese version of La Dame aux Camelias, the best of Lin＇s translations in Late Qing Dynasty. Clarifying the relationship among misreading, mistranslation and creative mistranslation, the author proves that misreading and mistranslafion are common in literary translations with the help of relevant views from Harold Bloom. A detailed analysis of the translation of La Dame aux Camelias shows that Lin Shu＇s creative mistranslations turn to be seminal and unique in the cultural context of Late Qing Dynasty and in the perspective of comparative literature studies, which helped generate modernity in Chinese literature.