一种公平效率观:基于契约理性的尝试性探讨

On Relationship between Efficiency and Fairness Based on Contractual Rationality

在经济社会领域,公平与效率总是表现为人与人之间特定的关系束,这种关系束的相互性决定了公平与效率的相互性。在现代市场经济的竞争理念里,公平是一种以特定的人与人之间的契约关系为依托,以实现特定的目标为结果的游戏规则,这种游戏规则决定了游戏的均衡解——效率;效率是在由特定的人与人之间的关系所决定的合意规则之下以实现特定目标为结果的游戏的可能均衡解。契约理性所体现的是,当事人在意见一致所约定的游戏规则之下达成以实现特定目标为结果的有约束力并可强制执行协议的过程,这一过程将当事人意见一致所约定的游戏规则和规则之下可以实现的特定目标融入到了一个统一的框架:公平与效率都是基于"经济人"理性及理性预期下的契约,契约理性决定着公平效率空间。

This paper attempts to discuss the long debated topic about efficiency, fairness and their relationship in fields of various subjects. By using a simple model, this paper justifies the ideas as follows ： fairness is the game rules to realize specific goals with the support of specific interpersonal relation, which decides the equilibrium or efficiency, to be exact, of the game; efficiency is the equilibrium in the definition of fairness, while contract is what to guide the way of reaching the equilibrium with the support of the game rules set down by animation of parties involved and with the compelling force of execution; a specific contract involves corresponding efficiency and fairness.