速滑运动员肌肉放松与恢复训练方法

Training Methods of Relaxing and Recovering the Speed Skaters’ Muscles

没有训练就没有疲劳,没有恢复就没有训练。针对速滑运动员在运动中和恢复期生理生化变化的特点,结合速度滑冰比赛特点,阐述了肌肉放松的生理机制和在速滑比赛中对发挥良好体能的重要作用,从滑跑形式、速度、幅度、距离、姿势等方面提出肌肉放松训练的技术性要求和教学方法,把肌肉放松训练与速滑技术、体能恢复训练有机结合起来,指出训练后体疗、积极性休息、食补等恢复手段,为速度滑冰科学化训练提供理论依据。

Fatigue isn＇t being without training and training isn＇t useful without recovery. Aiming at the physiological and biochemical characteristics of speed skaters in the duration of training or recovery,considering the competitive speciality of speed skating,the article discusses the physiological mechanism of muscle relaxation and its important function for the skaters＇well performing in competition. For organically combining the muscle relaxation training with the skating technique and physical recovery training,it puts forward some techni-cal requirement and training methods of relaxing the muscle in skating mode,speed,intensity,distance and posture. As a theoretic reference for scientizing the training of speed skating,it also suggests some recovery means as follows：physical therapy after training,active rest and dietetic invigoration.