自修复的复合材料

Self-repairing Composite Materials

自修复复合材料是智能材料研究的重要方面。聚合物基体用于结构材料时,不论是宏观还是微观上都是容易破坏的,典型的就是冲击破坏,微观上却是出现微裂纹。微裂纹影响材料的各种力学性能,如强度、刚度、尺寸稳定性等,同时影响材料的热性能、电性能、声性能。自修复材料是一种智能材料,同时具有感知和激励双重功能。材料一旦产生微裂纹、缺陷,在无外界作用的情况下材料本身具有自我恢复的能力,如此可延长产品的使用寿命,并提升产品的安全性。从自修复材料的提出、修复机理、修复类型等方面进行总结和评述。

Self-repairing composite materials are important aspects of smart materials research. Whether at macro or microcosmic level, polymer matrix is easily damaged when it is used as structural materials, and it is typically the impact destruction, and the micro cracks appear at microcosmic level. The micro-cracks have effects on various mechanical properties of materials, such as strength, stiffness, dimensional stability, etc, as well as other performance, such as thermal, electrical and acoustic properties. Self-repairing material is a kind of smart material, it has the dual function of perception and motivation. Once the micro-cracks and defects appear, the material itself has the ability of self-recovery in the absence of external operation. Therefore, the working life and safety of products is prolonged and improved respectively. The self-repairing composite materials are summarized and reviewed from the aspects of proposing self-repairing materials, repairing mechanisms and repairing type.