豫南豫北玉米生长发育的气候条件比较及豫南玉米发展对策

Contrast of Climate Condition of Maize Growth in Southern Henan Area and Northern Henan Area and the Countermeasure of Southern Henan Area

通过豫南豫北主要气候条件对夏玉米生长发育影响的研究,找出豫南玉米单产低于豫北的气候原因,以豫南为侧重点,对分别具有两地典型代表性的驻马店市和新乡市夏玉米主要生育时段近30年气象资料对比分析,找出两地气候特点及影响的差异;与豫北比,豫南地区气候条件完全能够满足夏玉米生长发育的需要,只是气象要素时空分布与玉米生育阶段的需要有时不相吻合而影响其产量,洪涝、渍害和灌浆期的光照不足是玉米高产的主要限制因子,光、温、水在豫南玉米高产中的限制作用由大到小依次为降水、光照、温度,可以从品种选择、播期和栽培管理等方面采取应对措施;豫南夏玉米生产要可持续发展,必须加强农业适应对策,尽量减轻不利气候条件带来的影响。

Studies on the effects of main climate condition on summer maize growth and development in southern Henan and northern Henan, found the climate reason why the yield of southern Henan maize was lower than northern Henan maize. Taking southern Henan as emphasis and setting Zhumadian as typical representative of southern Henan and Xinxiang as typical representative of northern Henan, we compared and analyzed nearly 30 years meteorological datas between Zhumadian and Xinxiang during summer maize growth period, found the climate features of two locations and its influence on maize diffrent growth stages, and also found the relation between them. This article concluded that the climate condition of southern Henan could surely meet the needs of summer maize growth. But sometimes the output of summer maize was decreased by disaccord between the distribution of meteorological factors in time and space and the needs of maize different growth stages. Flooding,water logging, lacking of illumination, were main limiting factors in southern Henan. The ordering of restrict effect on maize high yield for southern Henan was rainfall, sunlight and temperature. So some countmeasure will be effectual, as veriaty choice,sowing data, clutivation and management, etc. These countmeasure will minimize the loss of maize production under adverse weather conditions.