核心力量训练的理性阐释——科学化训练新视角

Theoretical Analysis of Core Strength Tranining——A New Vision of Scientific-based Training

核心力量存在于所有运动项目中,所有的体育动作都是以中心肌群为核心的运动链,强有力的核心肌群对运动中的身体姿势、运动技能和专项技术动作起着稳定和支持作用。然而,在竞技体育中,核心力量训练在角色定位、结构功能、作用机制及发展机制方面依然停留在定性、定量化的描述阶段,无有效的理论支撑,使核心力量训练处于粗放发展的态势之中。本文以不同的训练新视角,系统阐释了核心力量的科学化训练依据:1)通过系统论的视角,对核心力量训练的角色定位、结构功能作以阐释,指出:核心力量训练是力量训练的一部分;核心力量训练的结构决定了核心力量训练的特殊性。2)通过神经肌肉—系统观视角阐释了核心力量训练的作用机制("三亚系模型"作用机制、神经控制作用机制)及神经—肌肉系统观下的核心力量训练负荷和训练方式。3)通过专项化视角探讨了核心力量训练的发展机制:训练工作目标专项化;核心力量训练专项化(能量代谢专项化、动作力学特征专项化、神经—肌肉系统专项化)。

Core strength exists in all sports,all the sports is the movement chain that depend on the center muscles,the strong center muscles play a role stability and support to the posture,sport skills and special skills.But core strength training remain in the qualitative and quantitative description of phase in its role,structure,function,mechanism and development mechanism,no effective theoretical support,and made it＇s in the extensive development.This paper explains the basis of the scientific training to the core strength from different new training perspective： 1） explains the role,structure and function of core strength training on the basis of System Theory,think： the core strength is the parts of the strength training;the structure of the core strength training decides the specificity of the core strength training.Explain the Mechanism（The stabilizing system of the spine Part I,Function,dysfunction,adaption and en-hancement;neural control mechanisms）,training load and training methods of the core strength training on the view neuromuscular system.3） Discussed the development of the core strength training system by the special perspective： specialized training objectives;specialized core strength training（energy metabolism specialization,Biomechanical characteristics of Specialization,nerve-muscle system Specialization）.