从长江洪水看土壤环境保护的重要性

Soil Environment Protection——An lmportant Way to Combat Flooding Hazards of the Changjiang River.

从１９９８ 年长江流域发生的特大洪水说起，分析从汉代到清末２０００ 年间及近４０ 年来长江流域水旱灾害的变化趋势，认为造成长江洪水灾害的原因主要是气候异常，但也与生态环境遭到破坏有关，其中土壤侵蚀、水土流失是最重要的因素。探讨了防治长江水患的对策；基于对土壤的吸水和贮水功能主要靠地被层和土壤有机质层，而水土流失是从植被破坏、地被层消失开始的，以及对古今治水、治土正反两个方面的认识，提出了治水的同时应治土的观点及５ 条有效的途径。

This paper probes not only the reason of a serious flooding along the Changjiang River in 1998, but also the tendency of flooding hazards taking place in the Changjiang River during 2000 years since the Han Dynasty. The conclusion would pop up that the main reason resulting in flooding hazards is the abnormal climate and is related to ecological environment including a key factor——soil erosion. Meanwhile, the control measures to flooding hazards also are discussed. Soils have a powerful funnction to absorb water and store water due to their surface vegetation horizon and organic horizon, however, soil erosion easily weakens or vanishes this function. Therefore, we should pay attention to combating flooding hazards as well as combating soil erosion. In this paper, 5 detailed ways are proposed to control flooding hazards according to this viewpoint.