肠促胰素在血糖稳态调节和2型糖尿病治疗中的作用

The role of incretin in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and treatment of type 2 diabetes

肠促胰素（incretin）是一类在食物营养物质刺激下，由肠道内分泌细胞合成分泌的激素，具有葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素分泌的特性，可通过促进β细胞的胰岛素分泌、抑制α细胞不适当的胰升糖素分泌、延缓胃排空及抑制食欲等多个途径参与机体血糖稳态调节。同时，肠促胰素还可促进β细胞增殖、抑制β细胞凋亡，增加胰岛素合成、改善β细胞功能，从而延缓甚至逆转2型糖尿病病程的进展。以肠促胰素为基础的治疗方案，包括胰升糖素样肽-1（GLP—1）类似物和二肽基肽酶4（DPP-4）抑制剂将为2型糖尿病的治疗开辟一条新的途径。

Incretins are glucose-dependent insulinotropic hormones that are secreted from intestinal endocrine cells stimulated by meal nutrients after eating. Ineretins can maintain glucose homeostasis through promoting insulin secretion from β cell and suppressing inappropriately glucagon secretion from α cell, as well as many other physiological effects. Furthermore, incretins can delay and even reverse the deterioration of type 2 diabetes by enhancing islet β cell function. Incretin-based therapies, including glucagon-like peptide-1 mimetics and dipeptidyl peptidase-Ⅳ inhibitors, will bring us new insights into the treatment of type 2 diabetes.