煤炭基地水污染研究理论体系探讨

Theoretical System of Coal Base Water Pollution Research

以煤炭基地的水体为研究对象,以煤炭基地水污染研究理论体系的建立为研究重点,在分析中国能源形势和煤炭基地发展现状的基础上,通过查阅大量文献资料,并结合陕北煤炭基地实际情况,有针对性地提出煤炭基地水污染研究理论体系框架,具体分析了该体系五个组成部分的研究目的、研究内容和研究成果用途,在此基础上以陕北煤炭基地水污染问题为研究实例实践这一理论体系。结果表明:煤炭基地水污染研究理论体系由煤炭基地水污染背景条件研究、现状研究、机理研究、发展趋势研究和防治对策研究组成;陕北煤炭基地超过80%的地下水属于轻微污染和未污染,地表水存在一定程度的污染;窟野河大部分水化学组成从上游向下游呈先升高后降低的趋势;陕北煤炭基地未来地下水主要污染区分布在榆林市榆阳区、金鸡滩镇、神木县锦界、神木县城、大柳塔镇、府谷县城等;对原有污染严重的企业进行技术改造做到清洁生产,在企业相对集中的区域采取污水厂统一处理进行,新建企业必须进行污水处理设计,对生活污水采取土地渗滤或污水厂处理,固体废弃物要做无害化处理,农业生产中要求合理施肥。

Water body of coal base was research object and the establishment of theoretical system of coal base water pollution research was research emphases.Based on the practical situation of coal base in North Shaanxi,the theoretical system of coal base water pollution research was built through collecting related documents and materials,the research object,content,achievements conversion of the five branches of the system were discussed,and the problem of water pollution in coal base of North Shaanxi was taken as an example.The results showed that the theoretical system of coal base water pollution research included five branches,background actuality,mechanism,development trend and control countermeasure of coal base water pollution;in coal base of North Shaanxi,more than 80% of groundwater was no or light pollution,surface water was polluted;water chemical compound firstly increased,and then decreased from upper to lower reaches of Kuye River;in future,the main pollution zones in coal base of North Shaanxi were Yuyang District of Yulin City,Jinjitan Town,Jinjie of Shenmu County,Shenmu County Seat Daliuta Town,Fugu County Seat,and so on;seriously polluting enterprises should update technology for cleaner production,polluted water could be treated by sewage treatment plant for the centralized enterprises,new enterprise should have the design of wastewater treatment,domestic sewage could be treated by soil percolation method or sewage treatment plant,solid waste should be treated innocuously,application of fertilizer should be rational in agriculture.