2008年贵州省燃煤污染型氟中毒病区农村居民生活能源使用情况调查

Survey on Usage of Living Fuel among Rural Households in the Regions of Coal-burning Type Endemic Fluorosis,Guizhou Province,2008

[目的]进一步摸清燃煤污染型氟中毒病区农户生活能源使用状况,为地氟病防治提供更新的科学依据。[方法]2008年,在贵州省燃煤污染型氟中毒病区抽取4个贫困县和4个一般县的部分农户,调查夏、冬季节生活能源、炉灶使用情况及对改良炉灶类型的愿望。[结果]调查农户80户,夏季用煤率为71.25%,用电率为31.25%,用柴草率为10.00%,用沼气率为2.50%;电炊具使用率为31.25%,台灶和蜂窝煤炉使用率均为27.50%,回风铁炉使用率为18.75%,烧柴灶使用率为7.50%;冬季取暖用煤率为93.75%,用柴草率为6.25%;回风铁炉拥有率为63.75%,回风铁炉烟囱出屋率为60.78%,回风铁炉冬季使用率为70.59%,全年使用率为29.41%。调查76户未实施改良炉灶项目的农户,期望改良电炊具的占42.11%,改良回风铁炉的占38.16%,改良台灶的占15.79%,改良烟管的占3.95%。[结论]贵州省燃煤污染型氟病区农户仍以煤为主要的生活能源,但夏季有相当比例的家庭将电作为主要的生活能源或作为燃煤能源的补充。

[Objective] To further master the using status of living fuel among the rural households in the regions of coal-burning type endemic fluorosis,so as to provide scientific basis for its prevention.[Methods]4 poverty-stricken counties and 4 general counties were sampled in the regions of coal-burning type endemic fluorosis in Guizhou,2008.A survey was made on the sources of energy,the using condition of stoves and the expected type of improving cooking stoves in summer and winter.[Results]80 households were surveyed,the coal using rate was 71.25%,electricity 31.25%,firewood 10.00% and methane 2.50% in summer.Using rate of electricity cooker was 31.25%,table stove and honeycomb-coal stove 27.5%,the ventilated stove 18.75%,and firewood stove 7.50% in summer.In winter,the using rate of coal was 93.75%,firewood 6.25%,the holding rate of ventilated stove was 63.75% with chimney out rate of 60.78%.The using rate of the ventilated stove was 70.59%,and annual usage was 29.41%.76 households that had not carried out improving stove were investigated,and 42.11% expected improving electricity,38.16% expected improving the ventilated stove,15.79% improving table stove,and 3.95% improving smoke pipe.[Conclusion]The coal is the main source of rural living fuel in the regions of coal-burning type endemic fluorosis in Guizhou province,but the substantial proportion of households using electricity as the main fuel and can be a substitution of coal-using in summer.