新疆绿洲农业耕作制度演变驱动因子分析

Analysis on the Driving Factors of Evolution of Farming Systems in Xinjiang Oases Agriculture

【目的】对新疆绿洲农业耕作制度演变及驱动因素进行综合分析。【方法】依据新疆农业统计资料。【结果】60年来新疆绿洲农业耕作制度的不断演变是多种因素综合作用的结果。【结论】国家及新疆维吾尔自治区农业发展政策是驱动耕作制度演变的直接动力;科学技术进步和农田大量物质投入提高了农田生产力水平,而较高的生产力水平为耕作制度的改革提供了保证和条件。新疆绿洲农业耕作制度已由最早追求粮食增长为中心逐渐演变为以粮为主、经济作物为辅过渡到90年代的粮、经并重,又进一步发展到目前粮、经并重、林果快速发展的新格局。

【Objective and Method】A comprehensive analysis was performed on the driving factors behind evolution of farming systems in oases of Xinjiang,based on Xinjiang agriculture statistical reports.【Result】The results showed that the continuing evolution was the consequence of many factors acting synthetically on the farming systems.【Conclusion】The direct drivers came from the agriculture development policies of both national and regional government;the progress in science and technology and the vast materials put into farmland improved farmland productivity level,which provided the assurance and condition for farming systems reform.Nowadays,in oases of Xinjiang,farming systems,which was centered at the earliest time by the increase in grain crops yield primarily;and then by relying mainly on grain crops yield, while supplemented by industrial crops;and then by weighing both grain crops and industrial crops equally in 1990s,is developing into a new pattern that is featured by weighing both grain crops and industrial crops equally alongside a rapidly developing of forest and fruit trees industry.