青蒿植株青蒿素含量和总量与农艺性状的相关及通径分析

Correlation and path analysis on artemisinin content and yield with different agronomic traits of Artemisia annua

目的:研究青蒿植株青蒿素含量和总量与农艺性状之间的相互关系,为提高青蒿种质资源利用率和青蒿新品种选育提供依据。方法:对63份青蒿种质资源总计252个单株的植株青蒿素含量和各农艺性状指标进行调查和测定,在此基础上进行相关分析、回归分析和通径分析。结果:我国青蒿主产区不同种质资源之间植株青蒿素含量和总量存在显著差异。相关分析表明,青蒿植株叶重和青蒿素总量同植株茎秆和枝条的性状呈显著正相关,而植株青蒿素含量同植株叶部的性状呈显著负相关。回归分析表明,青蒿植株青蒿素含量随着一级分枝数、下部二级分枝数、茎基部直径等指标的增加而提高,而随着上部二级分枝数、小叶轴长、下部分枝直径等指标的增加而降低;青蒿素总量随着植株青蒿素含量、叶重、下部二级分枝数等指标的增加而增加,而随着下部分枝直径、中部二级分枝数、茎重等指标的增加而减少。通径分析表明,一级分枝数和下部二级分枝数对植株青蒿素含量的直接正效应较大,而上部二级分枝数对青蒿素含量的直接负效应较大;叶重和青蒿素含量对植株青蒿素总量的直接正效应较大,而叶/秆值、枝条重和茎重对青蒿素总量的直接负效应较大。结论:在青蒿育种中可以兼顾高产和高青蒿素含量,而且在选育高产、高含量的青蒿新品种时,应选择株高和冠幅适中、羽片和小叶轴短、中上部二级分枝数少、主茎粗、一级分枝数多、下部二级分枝数多和叶/秆值高的材料。

Objective： To provide the basis for improving utilization of Artemisia annua germplasm resources and breeding variety,the interrelations between artemisinin content,artemisinin yield and agronomic traits of A.annua were studied.Method： The artemisinin content and each agronomic trait of 63 A.annua germplasm resources were measured by the visual observation and measurement methods.And the correlation analysis,regression analysis and path analysis were adopted.Result： The result showed that there were significant differences in the artemisinin content and yield of 63 germplasm resources from the main production region of A.annua.Correlation analysis showed that there were significantly positive correlation between leaf weight and artemisinin yield with stem and branch characters,but there were negative correlation between artemisinin content with leaf characters of A.annua plant.The artemisinin content of A.annua increased with the increasing of primary branch number,bottom secondary branch number,and bottom stem diameter,etc.On the other hand,it decreased with the increasing of top secondary branch number,secondary leaf axis length,and bottom branch diameter,etc.The artemisinin yield of A.annua increased with the increasing of artemisinin content,leaf weight,and bottom secondary branch number,etc.,and decreased with the increasing of bottom branch diameter,middle secondary branch number,and stem weight,etc.Path analysis showed that the primary branch number and bottom secondary branch number had a direct positive effect on the artemisinin content of A.annua.But the top secondary branch number had a direct negative effect on the artemisinin content of A.annua.The leaf weight and artemisinin content had a direct positive effect on the artemisinin yield and the ratio of leaf /stem,branch weight and stem weight had a direct negative effect.Conclusion： On the breeding A.annua variety,it can take into account both high leaf yield and high artemisinin content.And it was strongly recommend that the plant with moderate plant height and crown,shortness pinnae and secondary leaf axis,less middle and top secondary branch,strong stem,higher primary branch number and bottom secondary branch number,and higher ratio leaf/stem could be selected for breeding new varieties with high leaf yield and high artemisinin content.