不同微灌灌水技术下成龄核桃耗水规律的研究

Matured Walnut Water Consume under Different Micro-irrigation Method

采用水量平衡原理,通过大田小区试验与理论分析,对10年生核桃耗水规律进行了研究。得出了不同生育期不同灌水技术下成龄核桃全生育期的耗水规律,从耗水角度研究发现,微灌条件下成龄核桃全生育期日均耗水量的变化与地面灌的单峰曲线不同,呈双峰曲线,峰值分别出现在6月10日及8月20日左右;微灌各处理的累积耗水量在585.6~840.3 mm间变化,较地面灌处理核桃的累积耗水量993.3 mm减少15.4%~41.0%;微灌各处理核桃产量在4 204.5~5 743.5 kg/hm2间变化,地面灌的产量为5 550 kg/hm2;水分生产效率微灌较地面灌高3.5%~28.6%,建议核桃微灌采用环灌和3管布置。

Rule of ten years walnut water consume that irrigated by different micro-irrigation methods was studied based on water balance principle and field experiment.As far as water consume was concerned that average daily water consume change rule of matured walnut which irrigated by micro-irrigation method is different from ones that irrigated by flood irrigation method.Bactrian curve in ones that irrigated by micro-irrigation and chieftain curve in ones that irrigated by flood irrigation can be seen obviously.Peak value of Bactrian curve appeared at 10th June and 20th August.Cumulated water consume of micro-irrigated ones ranged from 585.6 mm to 840.3 mm,which decreased by 5.4% to 41.0% compare to 993.3 mm of flood irrigated ones.Yield of micro-irrigation ones ranged from 4 204.5 kg/hm2 to 5 743.5 kg/hm2,which increased by-24.1% to 1.0%,compared with 5 550 kg/hm2 of flood irrigation ones.Water use efficiency（WUE） of micro-irrigated ones increased by 3.5% to 28.6% compare with flood irrigated ones,suggest that circle and three laterals layout is appropriate in matured walnut irrigation under micro-irrigation condition.