水平台阶式梨树整形修剪技术研究初报

Preliminary Studies on Horizontal Step System Pruning Technique of Pear

连续8年对＂黄花＂、＂丰水＂和＂翠冠＂等主栽品种梨树采取水平台阶式整形修剪,并研究了该树形的叶幕分布特性及其与光照分布的关系,结果表明：与大冠疏散分层形相比,树体结构由过去的密集型改造成松散台阶型;各层（台阶）花芽百分比差异不大,成花率为20.3%~26.8%;行间和株间平均光强分别为58.5%、34.7%,且树冠内少有无效光区（〈30%的相对光照）,行间大于60%的相对光照的时间段占全天的75%以上,提高了树体光能利用;单果重200 g以上的优质果率达到90%以上,比大冠疏散分层形提高了25.6%,连续丰产4年。

The relationship between light distribution and photosynthesis quality distribution in space was studied with 8 year-old of ＇ Huang-hua＇ ,＇ Hosui＇ and ＇ Cuiguan＇ pear tree pruned by the horizontal step system technique（HSS）. The results showed that,compared with the delayed-open central leader system （ DIS ） ,the body structure of the tree changed from dense type to loose step type ,there existed no differenee in floral buds percentage between all layers from 20.3 % to 26.8 %. Relative light radiation intensity（RLRI） in inter-row and interplant were 58.5 %, 34.7 %, respectively, and produced a little inemeaey light region （ 〈 occupied 30 % of RLRI）, and RLRI over 60 % in inter-row occupied 75 % of total daily sunshine, which could improve fruit quality. Because it accelerated air circulation and could increase sunlight utilization. The percent rate of high quality fruit weighting more than 200 g was over 90 %. It increased by 25.6 % than CK. High yields continued for 4 yeas.