体系层次的国家功能理论--基于对结构现实主义国家功能假定的批判

State Functional Theory on the System Level:A Critique of the State Function Assumption of Structural Realism

肯尼思·华尔兹结构现实主义假定国家功能是无差异的。然而,由于华尔兹定义国家功能的方式与其理论自身存在严重的不一致,因此这一假定必须予以舍弃。基于对华尔兹国家功能假定的批判,作者重新定义了国家功能,并由此提出了一个全新的以国家功能为核心的体系层次理论,称之为国家功能理论。国家功能理论不是对结构现实主义的彻底否定,而是对它的升级和超越。国家功能理论假定,国家有生存、发展和本体安全三种基本需要,同时国家可以为其他国家提供满足这三种需要的功能。国家功能理论能够从体系层次对国家安全行为和国际安全形势做出比结构现实主义更准确的解释和预测,实现现实主义阵营中两大体系层次理论的综合,并为国际政治的进化做出解释,甚至能够为国际关系的和谐化提供重要的理论基础。

Structural realism assumes that there is no functional differentiation among states. However,due to the severe inconsistency between Waltz's definition of state function and his own theory,such an assumption should be abandoned. Based upon the critique of this assumption,the author redefines the concept of state function,and then advances a new 'theory of state function (TSF)' on the system level,which is the development of Structural Realism rather than a negation. TSF assumes that states have three kinds of basic needs:survival,development,and ontological security,and that states can offer other states functions to meet such three needs. TSF can explain and predict state behavior and international security more accurately than structural realism does,synthesize the two major system theories in the realist camp and account for the evolution of international politics. Furthermore,TSF may even provide a theoretical ground for the harmonization of international politics.