牛结核病流行特点及防控措施

The Epidemiological Characterization and Control Strategy of Bovine Tuberculosis

牛结核病是一种慢性消耗性人兽共患病,是OIE规定必须通报的疫病,在我国属二类动物传染病,并列为检疫扑杀对象,对养牛业发展、食品安全与人类健康构成重大威胁。目前普遍采用检疫和扑杀政策控制牛结核,但各个国家执行该政策的方式差异很大。由于牛分枝杆菌存在野生动物贮主,潜伏感染普遍、无快速高通量诊断方法等原因,控制或根除牛结核病非常困难。少数发达国家成功控制或净化了牛结核,但多耗时在二十年以上,耗资巨大。新型诊断方法如IFN-γ在当代牛结核检疫中发挥日益重要的作用,野生动物与家养牛结核的免疫预防已受关注。制约我国牛结核控制和净化的原因很多,如政策法规、国家财力、技术措施和公众认知水平等,目前尚未设定全国性的牛结核控制与净化目标。

Bovine tuberculosis（bTB）is a chronic wasting zoonotic disease,notifiable disease by OIE and category 2 animal disease in China.It belongs to ＂test and slaughter＂ list because it threatens greatly the development of cattle industry,food safety,and human health.Although ＂test and slaughter＂is the common policy to control this disease,each country implements it differently.Because the factors such as the wildlife as the reservoir of Mycobacterium bovis,usually persistent infection,shortage of rapid,high through-put and accurate detection methods,it is very difficult to eradicate bovine tuberculosis.Up to now,only a few countries successfully eradicated or controlled this disease at the expense of over 20 years and lots of money.New detection methods such as IFN-γ in vitro release assay are increasingly utilized in the ＂test and slaughter＂ policy.Vaccination is being considered in the control of bTB for wildlife and domestic cattle.The factors affecting China progress of bTB control might be multiple,including laws and regulations,financial capability,techniques,and public awareness,etc.In a word,the goal to control bTB has not been set.