砂质潮土小麦套作花生水分综合调控技术研究初报

Study on synthetical regulation and control technique of water of wheat and peanut relaycropping system in sandy soil

通过对粗沙潮土小麦套作花生轮作制施用有机肥、灌水和覆盖研究表明，三者均显著提高了小麦产量，有机肥与覆盖提高了花生产量，小麦产量与花生产量分别与它们成抛物线关系。以小麦为例，最高产量用量为有机肥５６６９．８ｋｇ／６６６．７ｍ２，灌水定额３２．４ｍ３／（６６６．７ｍ２·次），覆盖３３３．４ｋｇ／６６６．７ｍ２。最佳经济用量分别为２２３３．６ｋｇ／６６６．７ｍ２，２０．７ｍ３／６６６．７ｍ２和２２９．６ｋｇ／６６６．７ｍ２。同时还分析了三因素对水量平衡和小麦、花生产量构成因素的影响。灌水尽管在来水中不是最主要的，但渗漏量、蒸散量分别与之呈正相关，砂土小麦以每次灌２０ｍ３／６６６．７ｍ２～３０ｍ３／６６６．７ｍ２为宜。施用有机肥和覆盖均能提高土壤耕层蓄水能力，尤其有机肥能提高水分利用效率，但过量施用有机肥小麦成穗率和花生经济系数降低，有机肥用量宜在２３００ｋｇ／６６６．７ｍ２～５０００ｋｇ／６６６．７ｍ２，而覆盖宜在２３０ｋｇ／６６６．７ｍ２～４５０ｋｇ／６６６．７ｍ２。

The study on application of organic manure,irrigation and straw mulching to wheat and peanut relay cropping system in sandy soil showed that all 3 factors significantly increased wheat yield and organic fertilizer and straw mulching increased peanut yield.The wheat yield and peanut yield had a para-curve relation with them respectively. As an example,the application rates of manure,irrigation norm and straw mulching that gained maximum wheat yield were 5 669.8 kg/666.7m2, 32.4 m3/666.7m2 and 333.4 kg/666.7m2 respectively,while the optimum economic rates were 2 233.6 kg/666.7 m2,20.7 m3/666.7m2 and 229.6 kg/666.7m2. This paper also discussed the effect of the 3 factors on water balance and yield construction of wheat and peanut.Irrigation water was not the maximum in water revenues, but water leakage and evapotranspiration were postively correlated with it.So it was suitable for wheat in sandy soil to irrigate 20 m3/666.7m230 m3/666.7m2 per time.Both manure and straw mulching could enhance the soil waterretaining capacity of arable layer,especially manure could raise the water utilization efficiency,but excessive manure resulted in a decrease of percentage of wheat earbearing tiller and peanut'seconomic efficiency.Their suitable rates of manure and straw mulching were 2 300 kg/666.7m25 000 kg/666.7m2 and 230 kg/666.7m2450 kg/666.7m2respectively.