对蒲鲁东的批判给马克思带来了什么？--《哲学的贫困》的思想史地位辨析

Marx's Achievements in His Criticism of Proudhon——an Analysis on the Significance of The Poverty of Theory

蒲鲁东在关于社会进程及人类理想目标之实现道路等问题上的解读路径与马克思有着明显的不同,他是完全站在抽象法权的基础上来进行理论运思的。蒲鲁东根本瞧不起从现实发展的角度来理解社会进程之本质的思路。马克思对蒲鲁东的批判一方面彰显了他在《德意志意识形态》中已经形成的历史唯物主义哲学在经济学领域中的良好运用,从而使他的这种批判显现出很强的针对性,但另一方面也反映出在经济学研究水平滞后的前提下,马克思尚无法清晰地建构历史唯物主义的具体历史理论,他在批判蒲鲁东时沿用了在批判费尔巴哈等人时已形成的阐述思路,从而在一定程度上影响了他对资本主义生产关系之深层内容的理解。

There is distinct difference between Proudhon and Marx in the understanding of social process and the fulfillment of human ideality.Proudhon underrated the thought of understanding the social process in actual development from the bottom of heart.Marx＇s critique of Proudhon had a two-side meaning：on one hand,Marx made a good employment of the historical materialism which was founded in German Ideology and brought his critique a clear objective;on the other,for short of the economical studies,Marx still used the narrative manner formed in his critique of Feuerbach,which in some sense blocked his further perception on capitalist relations of production.