监督过失理论及其适用

On Theory of Supervisory Negligence and Its application

新新过失论是一种具有扩大过失处罚范围危险的"危险理论",不能作为监督过失责任的归责根据而被提倡。监督过失系监督者的过失行为与被监督者的过失行为的竞合,因而在实行行为、注意义务和预见可能性等过失犯的构造问题上有别于普通过失。以下场合应排除监督过失的适用:被监督者故意实施犯罪行为的场合、行为人对下级作业人员并不具有实质的监督义务的场合、监督者已尽必要的监督义务的场合以及基于可信赖的被监督人实施不适当行动的场合。

The theory of newer criminal negligence is a dangerous theory which has the risk of expanding the scope of negligent crime.It can not be advocated as for the basis of liability of supervisory negligence.Supervisory negligence is the concurrence of negligent act of the supervisors and the supervised,and which is different from the general negligence on the structure issues of the executive act,duty of care,possibility of prediction,and so an.On the following occasions,the application of supervisory negligence will be excluded：the supervised commit crime intentionally,doers have no substantial supervisory obligation,supervisors have performed the duty of supervision and the supervised who are trustworthy commit unsuitable act.