地面覆盖对果园土壤水热分布和果实品质的影响

Effects of Mulches on Fruit Quality and Distribution of Water and Temperature in Soil

为研究旱地果园不同覆盖方式对土壤水热分布和果实品质的影响,测定分析了土壤水分、温度、棵间蒸发量和果实品质。结果表明:覆膜、覆沙、覆草下土壤含水量始终保持在13%以上,可满足果树需水;覆沙、覆黑地膜能显著提高地温,覆草能明显降低地温;4-9月,覆沙、覆膜、覆草的日平均棵间蒸发量仅为CK的53.42%、24.01%、46.64%,有效缓解陇东果园旱季水分不足问题;不同覆盖下果实单果质量明显提高。

To study the effects of various kinds of mulches on fruit quality and distribution of water and temperature in soil,soil water,soil temperature,soil evaporation between plants,and fruit quality were measured and analysized.The results showed that the soil water content of sand covering treatment,grass covering treatment and film mulching treatment was always over 13 percent which met the requirement of fruits trees.Soil temperature was increased obviously after sand covering and film mulching,but grass covering could decreased soil temperature.From the April to the September,soil evaporation between plants of sand covering treatment,grass covering treatment and film mulching treatment was only 53.42 percent,24.01 percent and 46.64 percent compared with the control,respectively,the problem of insufficient water resource was effectively relieved for the east of Gansu province.Single fruit mass was increased obviously in various kinds of mulches.