北京市危险化学品企业安全生产风险评估分级研究

Research on assessment and classification of risk to hazardous chemical enterprises in Beijing

为对北京市危化品企业基本情况的全面掌握,开展了危险化学品企业安全生产风险评估分级研究,借鉴国外经验和国内有关科研成果,提出了固有风险和动态风险相结合的危化品安全生产风险评估方法。固有风险为企业的基本风险水平,主要由危险化学品物质量、工艺水平、安全监控和周边环境决定,为共性指标;动态风险,反映企业安全生产管理绩效的水平,主要包括安全基础管理和现场管理,为个性指标,不同企业类型,评估动态风险指标有差异。从大量数据中抽取了最能反应企业安全生产状态的指标因素,通过专家组打分法和层次分析法确定评价因素的权重,该评估方法具有较强的实用性和可操作性,是本质安全和安全绩效的创新结合,为企业安全生产评估分级提供了新思路。通过分级,按照"风险优先"原则,政府部门实行差别监管,降低安全监管成本,促进危险化学品安全生产工作向规范化、科学化转变。同时,研制了危化品企业安全生产风险分级系统,为建立北京市危化品企业风险分级数据库奠定了基础。

To grain the status on hazardous chemical enterprises,the assessment and classification of risks were carried out in Beijing.With foreign experience and the domestic scientific research,a new risk assessment method of integration of inherent risk with dynamic risk was produced.The inherent risk which belongs to common indicators was determined by some natural factors such as the quality of dangerous chemicals,production technique,safety monitoring and surrounding environment.While the dynamic risk with individual characteristics which was different from enterprises was represented as basic safety management and work site safety management.This method was used for a group of most representational factors extracting from large amount of data that described for enterprise safety condition.And the factor weight was determined by authoritative expert group marking and applied with Analytic Hierarchy Process.This method which was innovation of intrinsically safe combining with safety performance has provided a new way to safety assessment rank for the enterprise.By classifying,the government controls and supervises chemical enterprises by risk first.In this way,the cost of safety supervision could be mostly reduced and the work could be promoted to standardized and scientific change.At the same time,the management system of assessment and classification of risks to hazardous chemical enterprises was developed.It provided the power technology for safety management and database on rank chemical enterprises.