南方双季稻区冬油菜早熟品种选育和机械栽培研究进展

Research evolution on breeding and mechanical cultivation of early-mature winter rapeseed in double-crop rice area in southern China

为促进南方双季稻区冬油菜生产的发展,选育出油菜早熟品种和实行机械栽培是生产急需解决的两大问题。课题组经过近5年的系统研究,现已成功选育出5个早熟、双低、抗病、高含油量的油菜新组合(品系)。成功研制了适合油菜免耕(浅耕)直播要求的2BYF(D)—6型油菜免耕直播联合播种机,并配套研究了适合直播油菜要求的一次性施用控释肥;同时配合农艺上的催熟剂的开发与使用,研制了与高密度早熟油菜品种相配套的4YC-200油菜联合收割机。形成了在南方双季稻区机械化种植油菜农艺操作规程。通过以上集成技术的实施,实现了油菜种植成本降低,种植面积扩大,油菜产量和种植经济效益的提高,试验测定,通过机械化种植油菜,每公顷纯收入可增至4 500元以上。

In order to promote the development of winter rapeseed production in double-crop rice area in southern China,two major issues,i.e.breeding of early-maturing varieties and implementation of mechanical cultivation,need to be resolved.After nearly five years of systematic research,the research group has successfully bred five new varieties with early-maturing,disease resistance and high oil content successfully,developed a 2BYF（D）-6 type stubble no-tillage multi-seeders for rapeseed for the requirement of rapeseed with tillage free（shallow tillage）.Matching with the high-density early-maturing varieties of rapeseeds,a 4YC-200 type rapeseed combine harvester has been developed.At the same time,one-time rapeseed controlled-release fertilizer and ripener are applied and agronomic operation procedures of mechanical cultivation are formed in double rice area in southern China.Test results showed that the income increased to more than 300 yuan per mu by mechanical cultivation of rapeseed.In conclusion,it is effective to reduce rapeseed planting cost,expand cultivation area and improve yield and economic efficiency for rapeseed production via the implementation of integration technologies.