建立数学模型估测肉鹅氨基酸需要量的研究

Development of Mathematic Models to Estimate Amino Acid Requirements of Meat Geese

本研究旨在通过建立数学模型估测肉鹅的氨基酸需要量。利用析因法将肉鹅的氨基酸需要量剖分为生长和维持2部分。试验1:设计无氮和低氮2种饲粮,研究维持状态下肉鹅蛋白质需要量。试验2:利用屠宰试验,分析肉鹅沉积于羽毛、胴体和内脏中的蛋白质量,研究肉鹅生长的蛋白质需要量。结果表明:肉鹅由皮肤脱落损失的蛋白质量为6.52 g/d,肌酐代谢排出的蛋白质量为1.26 g/d,内源损失的蛋白质量为3.48 g/d,由此得出肉鹅维持每千克代谢体重的蛋白质需要量为5.37 g/d;单位体增重中沉积于羽毛和体组织(胴体和内脏)中的蛋白质量分别为0.045 1和0.141 8 g/d。由上述结果估测肉鹅氨基酸需要量的数学模型为:AA=5.37W2/3×MAA+0.045 1ΔW×FAA+0.141 8ΔW×CAA。式中:AA为氨基酸需要量(g/d);W2/3为代谢体重(kg);ΔW为日增重(g);MAA、FAA、CAA分别为维持、羽毛、胴体生长的氨基酸模式。利用此模型对肉鹅0～9周龄的氨基酸需要量进行动态估测,多数氨基酸的需要量高于前苏联畜牧科学研究所(1985)的建议量。

The objective of this study was to formulate a mathematic model to calculate the amino acid requirements of meat geese.The amino acid requirements of maintenance and growth were calculated according to the factorial method.In trial 1,a nitrogen-free diet and a nitrogen-low diet were designed and applied for the determination of protein requirement of maintenance.In trial 2,in order to research into the protein requirement of growth,a slaughter test was used to measure the amount of protein deposition in feather,carcass and viscera,respectively.The results showed that the amount of protein lost was 6.52 g/d from skin,1.26 g/d from the creatinine metabolism and 3.48 g/d from intestinal losses,so the protein requirement of maintenance of meat geese should be 5.37 g/（d·W2/3）.The amount of protein deposition in feather and body tissue（carcass and viscera） per kg daily weight gain was 0.045 1 and 0.141 8 g,respectively.According to the results,we have formulated a mathematic model for development of amino acid requirements of meat geese as follows： AA=5.37W2/3×MAA＋0.045 1ΔW×FAA＋0.141 8ΔW×CAA,where AA is amino acid requirement（g/d）;W2/3 is metabolic body weight（kg）;ΔW is daily weight gain（g）;MAA,FAA and CAA are the amino acid patterns for maintenance,feather growth and carcass growth,respectively.Using this model,we get the amino acid requirements of meat geese from 0 to 9 weeks of age,most of which are higher than the recommended requirements by the Former Soviet Union Institute of Animal Science.