多台国内外先进天气现象仪对比分析

Comparison of several advanced domestic and overseas present weather instruments

实现天气现象自动观测是中国气象局未来发展规划的一项重要内容。本文通过分析中国气象局气象探测中心引进的3台当前国际流行天气现象自动观测仪(OWI-430、VPF-730和PWS-100)和我国现有天气现象观测仪在北京南郊观象台的观测数据,并以同期人工天气现象记录为标准,进行多台仪器试验结果对比,以了解我国天气现象仪不足,为后期仪器改进奠定基础。对8、9月份的数据分析表明,我国现有天气现象仪在降水现象和视程障碍现象的捕捉和总量识别上都有较好效果,其观测准确度也接近国际先进天气现象仪器水平。经过进一步改良,我国有望制造出较高可靠性的降水现象和视程障碍现象自动观测仪。

Achieving automatic observation on present weather is one of the most important future development plans of CMA. There are several of automatic weather observing systems in China, three of which are international popular instruments （OWI-430,VPF-730,and PWS-100） imported by Meteorological Observation Center of CMA,and the others are at Beijing southern observatory. By analyzing data from these instruments and comparing the same period manual records, we find shortcomings and do some work to improve automatic present weather observation systems. According to the data obtained by the experiment in August and September, the results show that the local instrument has good result in capturing the precipitation and visibility obstacle phenomena, recognizing their total amount, and the data accuracy has been up to or approached the international advanced level as well. Through more tests and improvements, more reliable precipitation and atmospheric obscurity weather events are expected to capture by machine.