我们知觉到了什么——梅洛-庞蒂《行为的结构》一书探要

What Do We Perceive——Exploration to Merleau-Ponty’s Structure of Behavior

在《行为的结构》一书中,梅洛-庞蒂希望通过研究行为来理解意识与自然之间的关系。在批判行为主义心理学和格式塔心理学的基础上,他指出人的行为是一种"象征行为",人类秩序是一种比物理秩序和生命秩序更为高级的、能够"知觉"到人类生命自身丰富意义的秩序。从现象学的角度出发,梅洛-庞蒂把知觉主体由"意识"转向了"身体",知觉对象由"物理对象"、"私人感觉"、"感觉材料"引向了"人的意向性活动",知觉的效用由获得"纯粹的知识"指向了发现"人类生命的意义",从而将知觉问题引入一个新的方向,也为我们重新触及真、善、美的问题开显了一个新的视角。

In his first book Structure of Behavior,Merleau-Ponty tried to understand the relation between consciousness and nature by studying the behavior. On the basis of critique on the Behavioral psychology and the Gestalt psychology,he pointed out that human’s behavior is a kind of symbolic behavior,human order is a higher order than physical order and life order,which can perceive human lives own senses. From the standpoint of Phenomenology,Merleau-Ponty turned the perception’s subject from consciousness to body,turned the perception’s object from physical object,private feeling,and sensum to Intention activity,and turned the perception’s effectiveness from access to pure knowledge to access to the meaning of human life. Therefore,he led the study of perception into a new direction,and brought us into a new perspective of touching the Truth,Goodness and Beauty.