从特权福利到公民权利——解读《国务院关于当前发展学前教育的若干意见》中的普惠性原则

From Privileged Welfare to Civil Right:Interpretation of the Principle of Universal Benefit in Several Proposals on Development of Current Preschool Education from the State Council

《国务院关于当前发展学前教育的若干意见》（国发[2010]41号）明确提出，“发展学前教育，必须坚持公益性和普惠性”。对学前教育普惠性原则的坚持受到国家福利制度改革、义务教育均衡化发展要求、学前教育自身发展三方面因素的影响。普惠性学前教育的核心内涵是普遍惠及、人人享有，其基本属性是高包容性、非竞争性、非排他性。在现阶段实施普惠性学前教育，有助于通过教育公平实现社会公平，阻断贫困代际循环。坚持学前教育普惠性原则，必须从农村、西部等薄弱地区开始，由政府主导，多种形式举办普惠性幼儿园，以满足人民群众自由选择幼儿园的需要。

Several Proposals on Development of Current Preschool Education from the State Council clearly requires that ＂developing preschool education has to stick to the principles of public benefit and universal benefit＂. Implementation of the principle of universal benefit is influenced by the state welfare system reform, the request of balanced development for compulsory education and the development of preschool education itself. The core meaning of a universally beneficial preschool education means one that enjoyed and shared by everyone and its fundamental features lies in its high inclusiveness, noncompetitiveness and non-exclusiveness. To implement universally beneficial preschool education at present helps to realized social equality and stops the generation circle of poverty through education fairness. With regard to this principle, we need, starting fi＇om the western and rural areas, realize government dominance, to open and operate universally beneficial kindergartens through different forms so as to satisfy people＇s choice of kindergartens.