产学研合作创新的交易成本及内外部化条件

Innovation cooperation between industry, university and Research Institutes: its transaction cost, internalized and externalized conditions

认为产学研合作创新是一种经济行为。运用产权经济学中的交易成本概念，指出该项活动的交易成本包括沟通成本、谈判成本、履约成本和其它成本，分别对这四种成本进行了探讨。根据交易成本的概念，提出避免现存组织模式交叉重迭的分类方法：即分为内部化模式、外部化模式、半内部化模式三种模式，认为内部化模式和外部化模式分别在不同条件下具有交易成本小的优势，而半内部化模式是一特殊模形式。提出了内外部化的条件：对内部化而言，需要一定的规模、技术能力、资源能力与经济管理能力；对外部化而言，需要技术供方的核心能力、技术需方吸纳技术的能力和较为规范及功能较强的技术市场管理机构。同时。

This paper holds that the corperative innovation of Industry-University-Research Tnstitute is a economic behaviour. Based on the concept of transaction cost in Property Right Economics, the transaction cost of the cooperative innoration of Industry-University-Research Tnstitute includes communication cost. negotiation cost、execution cost and other costos. The paper deals with them respectivaly. Auording to the concept of the transaction cost, the paper puts forward the method for dassification of avoiding overlapping of existing orgaaization model, which is internalization model. exeernal-ization model and semi-internalization model. While internalization model and exeernalization model have the advantage of the smallest transaction cost under different conditions, semi-internalization model is a special model. As for in-ternalization model, it needs to have specified scale、technological ability、re-somrce ability and economic mangement ability; As for the ecternalication model, it needs the transforor's core competerce, the transforees' absorbing a-bility and ralatively mature technology marpet mangement mechanism. At the same time, this paper also probes into some measures on the govement's par-ticipation in helping to hving about the intenalization.