牛膝根结构特征与三萜皂苷的积累关系

Anatomical Structures of Achyranthes bidentata BL. Roots and Its Relationship to the Accumulation of Triterpenoid Saponins

三萜皂苷是牛膝根中主要的药用成分之一。利用皂苷定量分析与解剖学和组织化学定位方法对不同生长年限牛膝根的解剖结构及三萜皂苷的积累动态关系进行了研究。结果表明：牛膝根属于异常结构,三生结构发达。牛膝根的增粗生长主要依赖于额外形成层细胞的分裂活动,牛膝根中最多可以产生7~8圈额外形成层。次生韧皮部、栓内层和三生韧皮部是三萜皂苷的主要积累场所;三萜皂苷的积累动态随牛膝的生长年限增加呈现低→高的变化规律,3~4年生牛膝跟中三萜皂苷的积累达最大值。

Barbloin substances which mainly existed in the roots are the important medicinal ingredients in Achyranthes bidentata BL..The study of the relationships between anatomical structures and barbloin substances in A.bidentata root is of great meaning.Anatomical structures and barbloin accumulations are studied by the methods of quantitative analysis,anatomy and histochemical localization.The results indicated that the main accumulation sites of barbloin are primary phloem,secondary phloem,phelloderm and tertiary phloem.The changing pattern of accumulated barbloin appears low-higher-low with the growing of A.bidentata.The accumulated barbloin reached the maximum when the root is 3-4 years old.