静电纺间位芳纶纤维的制备及其性能

Electrospinning of meta-aramid fiber and its properties

以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,加入LiCl和CaCl2制备2种溶解体系,研究了间位芳纶纤维在2种溶解体系中的溶解性能及芳纶溶液的静电纺丝性能。间位芳纶纤维在N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中只能发生有限溶胀,氯化盐的加入有利于芳纶纤维的快速溶解。盐的种类及质量分数对纤维的溶解量、溶解时间以及溶液的黏度具有重要的影响。利用制得的溶液,采用高压静电纺丝技术制备了直径为100～500 nm的纳米芳纶纤维,纳米纤维直径随纺丝溶液质量分数和盐质量分数的增加而增大。以LiCl/DMAc为溶解体系制得的纳米纤维的均匀性随黏度增大而逐渐提高,且纤维形貌优于在CaCl2/DMAc溶解体系中制得的纤维,但以CaCl2/DMAc溶解体系制得的纳米纤维其热性能明显优于LiCl/DMAc溶解体系纺得的纳米纤维。LiCl/DMAc溶解体系中芳纶溶液质量分数为11%时,制得的纳米芳纶纤维非织造布的力学性能最优。

The N,N-dimethylacetamide（DMAc） was used as solvent,to which LiCl and CaCl2 were added respectively to prepare two solvent systems,and the dissolving and electrospinning properties of meta-aramid in these two solvent systems were investigated.Meta-aramid fiber had a limited swelling in DMAc.However,addition of chlorinated salt facilitated its fast dissolution.The dissolved quantity,dissolving time and viscosity of the solution were governed by the salt types and mass concentration.The nanofiber was successfully prepared with a diameter in a range from 100 to 500 nm by high pressure electrospinning.The mean diameter of nanofiber increased as the mass concentrations of spinning solution and salt increased.The uniformity of nanofiber（I） obtained from LiCl/DMAc solvent system improved gradually with the increase of viscosity of the solution,and its morphology was superior to that of nanofiber（II） obtained from CaCl2/DMAc solvent system.However,II outperformed I with respect to thermal properties.And the mechanical property of the nanofiber mat electrospun in LiCl/DMAc system was the best when the mass concentration of the solution was 11%.