趋于治理:上海禁毒工作的当代变迁

From Social Control to Social Governance:The Transition of Anti-Drug Work in Contemporary Shanghai

基于毒情和禁毒主体的变化,建国以来上海禁毒工作的变迁可分为四个阶段:毒品泛滥与建国初轰轰烈烈的禁毒运动、毒品过境与90年代前半期禁毒执法部门的严禁贩毒斗争;毒品消费与90年代后半期禁毒工作领导小组的专项斗争;毒品集散之可能与21世纪禁毒委员会领导的人民战争。四阶段彰显出上海禁毒社会化轨迹,反映了毒品治理与政府管理社会化趋势。不过,源自上海的地方性和禁毒政策的特殊性,当代上海禁毒实践呈现的是"渐进社会化"特点,即是一场来得缓慢且又缓和的政府管理社会化变革。在禁毒社会化过程中依然存在政府禁毒机构专业性有限、民间社会组织自主性不足、社区毒品预防成效不显、禁毒社会动员机制不完善等问题。

In this paper, the transition of anti-drug work in shanghai could be divided into four phases： （1） social mobilization, （2） crack down on drug dealers, （3） crack down on drug users, （4） multi-stakeholder partnerships. The four phases present the process of socialization of Shanghai anti-drug work, reflecting the trends in government management. The characteristic of contemporary anti-drug practice is ＂progressive socialization＂, which means it is a slow and mild social change. However, there are still some problems, such as the low professional of governmental anti-drug organizations, the low autonomy of civil organizations, poor effectiveness of community drug prevention and the inadequate social mobilization mechanism for anti-drug work.