不同配方棉花脱叶与催熟应用技术研究

Study on and Venli Technology of Maturation and Defoliation of Cotton under Different Formulations

【目的】化学脱叶是在收获前促使棉株绝大部分叶片尽快脱落的一种技术,可以提高机械采收的作业效率并降低籽棉的含杂率。脱叶剂的直接作用以及脱叶后田间通风透光状况的改善,促进棉铃的开裂。而化学催熟即是应用催熟剂解决棉花的后期晚熟问题,尤其在气候异常多变的收获季节。棉花化学脱叶、催熟保障机械采棉,对新疆棉区节约成本和增加效益、提高我国原棉在国际市场上的竞争力尤为重要。【方法】对国内外现有的棉花脱叶剂进行筛选,筛选最佳脱叶剂产品,研究添加有助剂的棉花脱叶剂对棉花脱叶率、吐絮率和产量等影响。【结果】北疆棉区机采棉田的化学脱叶与催熟技术是:适宜施药期为8月底9月初;筛选配方为(1)675g/hm2真功夫+助剂有机硅225 mL/hm2+乙烯利2250 mL/hm2;(2)675g/hm2新产品+助剂888A 225g/hm2+乙烯利2250mL/hm2;(3)600 g/hm2真功夫+助剂888A 225g/hm2+乙烯利2250mL/hm2。【结论】脱叶剂效果除了与脱叶剂用量、喷药时间(温度)等上述因素有关外,还与棉花品种有关。在喷洒同等药量的情况下,脱叶率彩色棉品系远远低于新陆早13号,说明脱叶率不仅和温度等因素有关,还和棉花品种有极大关系。筛选出适合机械采摘的棉花品种。

【Objective】Chemical defoliation can have most of the leaves of cotton plant abscised quickly before harvesting time,to improve operation efficiency of mechanical harvest and to decrease percentage of trash content in raw cotton.The direct and indirect effect such as defoliation agent and the improved ventilation and photopermeabitity after defoliation in the field facilitate the cotton boll crack;chemical ripener can solve the problems of the maturation of cotton during the changeable harvest phase.With the technology of maturation and defoliation in cotton,people make it possible to pick up cotton by machine.It is important for the farmers of Xinjiang to save cost,increase benefit and improve competition on international market.In this study,the defoliants used in cotton both at home and abroad were investigated,then the best product was screened by experiment,based on the shed leaves percentage,boll opening rate,yield in cotton and so on.【Method】Finally,summarizing all above theses,the authors come to the conclusion.The study was conducted about the promoter of defoliation including species,compound proportion,compound method by experiment.The study was carried out according to the climate characters and agronomic production level of the Xinjiang reclamation area at present.The experiment was arranged about the distance between rows and plants,variety screening and defoliant screening in Xinjiang.According to the plot experiment,the big area demonstration,outside investigation and inside seed research,statistic methods were applied.The effects of different defoliantion were compared in different years.【Result】The most economical,practical and good synthetic performance defoliant dosage was 675 g/hm2 Zhengongfu marked defoliant ＋organic Silicon promoter 225 mL/hm2 ＋2 250 g/hm2 ethrel,675 g/hm2 ＂new product＂ marked defoliant ＋888A promoter 225 mL/hm2 ＋2 250 g/hm2 ethrel,600 g/hm2 Zhengongfu marked defoliant ＋888A promoter