单体液压支柱三用阀的失效分析

Invalidation Analysis for Three Way Valves of Individual Hydraulic Prop

为提高单体液压支柱的生产安全可靠性,研究三用阀失效问题。介绍三用阀的结构及工作原理;基于油液分析与铁谱技术分析三用阀工作介质中的污染物;研究分析采区液压系统工作介质用水的硬度、pH值、腐蚀性等因素的影响;阐述三用阀失效机制。综合分析表明,单体液压支柱三用阀失效,实质是安全阀失效,而安全阀失效的主要原因是由于煤岩粉尘、氧化物、金属颗粒等污染物造成的污染涩滞。建议采用具有较好启溢闭特性的安全阀,控制好水质,合理选用乳化油并按配比制作乳化液,从根本上改善三用阀的工作可靠性。

For enhancing the safe reliability of production on individual hydraulic prop,the issue of invalidation on three way valves was researched.The structure and working principle of three way valves was introduced.Based on oil analysis and ferrography technique,the pollutants in working medium of three way valves were analyzed.The influence of hardness,pH value,corrosiveness,and other factors of working medium water of hydraulic system in mining area was researched and analyzed.Failure mechanism of three way valves was expounded.The comprehensive analysis indicates that the essence of invalidation on three way valves of individual hydraulic prop is the invalidation of safety valves,and the major cause of safety valves’ invalidation is due to the obstruction caused by the pollutants of coal petrography dusts,oxides,metal particles,etc.Some suggestions were given to improve the reliability of three way valves,including adopting the safety valves with better features on opening,spilling and closing,controlling the water quality,choosing emulsified oil reasonably and making emulsified liquid following proportion.