旅游干扰对黄山风景区土壤的影响

Impacts of tourist disturbance on soil in Huangshan Mountain scenic area

为了解旅游活动对黄山风景区土壤的影响,采用样方法和室内分析相结合的方法,对黄山风景区主要游览步道附近土壤进行了调查分析,结果表明：黄山风景区旅游干扰对土壤影响效应明显,随干扰强度的增加,土壤容重、土壤pH值及土壤全钾含量趋于上升,土壤含水量、有机质、土壤全氮量、全磷量以及枯枝落叶层厚度趋于下降;其中土壤容重和土壤含水量对旅游干扰反应最为敏感,其次为土壤全钾量,土壤全磷量对旅游干扰反应最弱;旅游干扰对0-10cm层次土壤的影响显著大于10-20cm;不同区域旅游干扰对土壤影响效应不同,游览利用程度越高的区域,其影响效应与旅游干扰的相关性愈强,影响效应一般也越大,但由于受地形、植被等环境条件的影响,影响效应大小与该区域旅游利用程度并不完全一致。

Huangshan Mountain scenic area is one of the famous mountain resorts in China.It is a representative area not only in tourist activities but also in regional environment.In order to understand the impacts of tourist activities on soil,sampling and lab analyses were conducted to survey the soil near the main trails in Huangshan Mountain scenic area.The results were obtained as follows.Tourist disturbance generated a great effect on soil.With the increase of tourist disturbance,the bulk density of soil,pH value of soil and the content of total K increased.In the meantime the content of water,organtic matter,total N,total P in soil and the height of litter layer decreased.There was an obvious relativity between the change in all indexes with the increasing distance away from the trails and the change in the intensities of tourist disturbance.Among the above indexes,the highest correlation was found between the height of litter layer and the intensity of tourist disturbance,followed by the water content of soil and the bulk density of soil.The correlation between the content of total K and the intentity of tourist disturbance was relatively low,and the correlation between the total P and the intensity of tourist dirurbance was the lowest.It is indicated that the sensitives of each index to tourist disturbance were different.Compared with the control areas,soil condition changed evidently in a range of 2 m away from the trails,and reached 20 cm below the surface of soil.The impact on 0~10 cm soil was much greater than on 10~20 cm soil.The effects of tourist disturbance varied in different areas.The correlation between disturbance and effects was evident in heavily used areas and the effects were greater.However,the impact was not always consistent with the use because of different landshapes,plants and other environment factors.In addition,based on the above research,this paper discusses the current problems in studies of the recreational impacts on soil,and puts forward the concrete measures to alleviate the negative effects of tourist disturbance in Huangshan mountain resort.