分子标记技术及其在水稻基因定位上的应用

Molecular Marker Technology and Its Application in the Gene Mapping of Rice

分子标记作为一种新兴的遗传标记手段,因其特有的优势而得到广泛的应用,带动了许多领域的快速发展。本文主要对分子标记的一般特点,基于全基因序列、简单重复序列、已知的特定序列、反转录转座子、单核苷酸的分子标记的类型及各类型代表性技术的基本原理和各自的优缺点进行详尽的综述,并进一步介绍了近年来分子标记在水稻基因定位上的相关应用,如水稻高产、优质、抗逆和抗病等重要农艺性状基因的分离克隆。最后还对分子标记技术在遗传图谱构建、基因定位和分子标记辅助育种等方面的应用前景予以展望,以期该技术能发挥更大的作用。

As a new means of genetic markers, molecular marker is widely used and developed rapidly in many aspects because of its unique advantages. In this paper, we summarizes elaborately the general characters, types of molecular markers, which based on the complete genome sequence, simple sequence repeats, known specific region, retrotransposons and single nucleotide, the basic principles of them as well as their advantages and disadvantages of each technology. Furthermore, we introduced the utilization of rice gene mapping in recent years and prospect its application, such as, the isolation and clone of important agronomic traits genes related to high yield and quality, abiotic stress tolerance and disease resistance in rice. Finally, we also prospected application of these molecular markers on construction of genetic linkage map, gene mapping and molecular marker assisted breeding, playing more roles in future.