超声波法苹果渣吸水凝胶的制备及其性能研究

Synthesis of apple residue absorbent gel by using ultrasonic and the examination of its sorption capability

以苹果渣为原料,采用先醚化后交联的方法,在超声波作用下,制备高吸水凝胶。经单因素实验研究得出最佳制备条件为超声功率160W、醚化时间45min、交联时间60min、NaOH质量分数35%、n(NaOH)∶n(ClCH2COOH)=2.4∶1、交联剂用量为m(苹果渣)∶m(交联剂)=2∶0.08,此时制备得到的吸水凝胶的吸水倍率为最高值56g/g。其性能研究得出,制备得到的吸水凝胶受溶液pH的影响很大;凝胶粒径在80～120目为宜;吸水饱和后的凝胶在自然条件下放置216h之后,其保水率为20%,说明该凝胶的保水性能很好;扫描电镜测试分析得出,该凝胶颗粒的表面结构疏松,孔隙多,从而推知其吸水性能高。

The water absorption gel was prepared from apple residue by the method of first etherification and then cross linking,under the function of ultrasonic. The great conditions were obtained by the single factor experimental：ultrasonic power was 160W,etherification time was 45min,cross linked time was 60min,W（NaOH）=35%,n（NaOH）∶ n（ClCH2COOH）=2. 4∶ 1,m（apple residue）∶ m（cross linker）=2∶ 0. 08,and the water absorbency was 56g/g. It demonstrated that the water absorbency of this gel was affected variously by the pH value of solution. The optimal gel particle size was 80 ~ 120. Under natural conditions,the water saturated gel placed after 216h,its water retention was 20%,that showed its water retention was well. The results of scanning electron microscopy（SEM） analysis suggested that the pellet surface structure of this gel was loose and it had many small openings,so we could infer out its water absorption ability was excellent.