试论被害者“危险引受”行为

The Theory of Victim Incur Dangers

近年来,被害人危险引受理论在日本刑法学界受到充分关注,其与作为超法规阻却违法事由的被害人同意有着相似之处,均是在意思决定自由的框架下,通过被害人自主地决定侵害自己法益或参与引起法益危险的行为,来达到自己所要成为的那种状态。在主观上,无论是同意行为,还是危险引受行为,被害人都已事先预见或认识到危险的存在;在结果上,一般都会排除行为人的刑事责任。但同意制度不是被害者危险引受的理论依据,适用自己答责原理判断危害结果的归属,在结果属于被害者场合,便否定参与者的正犯责任。

In recent years , the victim Danger Theory is very important in criminal law in Japan ,it has similar to the victim＇ s consent system, all under a frame of freedom , the victim draw dander intentionally, to achieve the state which he want to be . Subjectively, whether the victim incur dangers or the victim＇s consent system , the victim all have been foreseen the existence of danger. In the results, generally speaking, they will exclude the criminal responsibility of perpetrators. But the theory of the victim promise is not the basis of the system of victim incur dangers , it should deal with the response for oneself theory to judge the attribution of harm results, if it attributed to the victim , will excluded the participant as a guilt.