政府创新的类型与特征——基于“中国地方政府创新奖”获奖项目的多案例研究

Typology and Characteristics of Government Innovations:A Multi-Case Study of Winning Programs of the ‘Innovations and Excellence in Chinese Local Governance’

尽管关于中国地方政府创新积累了大量案例研究,但关于政府创新的属性、特征与类型的认识和理解仍然有待于进一步深化。利用"中国地方政府创新奖"五届共计100多个入围项目的内容分析,对中国地方政府创新的类型、特征与分布进行了经验研究。分析显示,管理创新、服务创新与合作创新是中国地方政府创新的主要类型,而技术创新与治理创新的重要性在逐步提升。东部地区的地方政府获得创新美誉的比例多于西部地区,其次是中部地区。党政机构仍然是中国地方政府创新的主力军,越来越多的社会团体和非营利组织也在加入创新的队伍。相比其他行政层级,地市和区县政府的创新精神更强。

Although many case studies of innovations in Chinese public sectors have been published, the attributes of innovation deserves more systematic examination. We empirically analyze types and distributions of public sector innovations in China by examining more than 100 winners and finalists of the 'Innovations and Excellence in Chinese Local Governance' (IECLG) Awards Program. Our results show that managerial, service and collaborative innovations are the main types of innovation in the Chinese public sectors, though technological and governance innovations are emerging. State and party agencies at city and county levels in eastern China appear more innovative than their counterparts in central and western China. We also tabulate innovation types against various attributes of their initiators, and identify other factors affecting innovations in China. Our analysis contributes to the understanding of the state of the art of public sector innovations in China, and suggests directions for further internationally comparative research.