我国粮食消费的现状和趋势及对策

Current Situation,Trends and Countermeasures about China's Grain Consumption

新中国成立以来,我国居民粮食消费经历了不得温饱、基本温饱、总体小康以及由总体小康向全面小康过渡4个阶段。本文在对现阶段我国粮食在不同用途、品种结构和城乡消费情况进行分析的基础上,对我国粮食消费的趋势进行了研究。中长期内居民食物消费结构升级,渐趋多元化;粮食消费需求总量呈刚性增长趋势;口粮、种子用粮稳中趋减,饲料粮、工业用粮快速增长;稻谷、小麦消费需求呈下降趋势,玉米、大豆消费需求将快速增长。最后从耕地资源和水资源利用、农业科技推广、粮食生产结构调整、农业补贴制度实施、生物能源开发及海外农业资源利用等6个方面提出了对策建议。

Since the founding of the People＇s Republic of China,China grain consumption experienced 4 stages： starved,sustainable life,general better-off life,and complete better-off live.Through analysis of present grain consumption based on food function,variety structure,and food consumption in urban and rural areas,we get the long-term trends of China grain consumption： residents＇ food consumption structure will upgrade and become more diversified;total food consumption growth trends will be rigid;seeds and rations consumption will be in steady decline,while feed grains and industrial use of grain will grow rapidly;the consumption of rice and wheat tend to decrease,while that of corn and soybean will grow rapidly.Finally,the paper puts forward six countermeasures,such as use of cultivated land and water resource,promotion of agricultural science and technology,adjustment of grain production structure,implementation of agriculture subsidies,development of bio-energy and utilization of overseas agriculture resources.