籼型三系杂交水稻米质现状研究

Studies on Grain Quality of Three line Indica Hybrid Rice

以具广泛代表性的６ 个不育系和９ 个恢复系及其配制的５４ 个组合为材料研究了现有籼型三系杂交水稻米质状况。结果表明，参试组合的大多数米质性状均表现良好：在分析的１１ 个性状中有５ 个（糙米率、精米率、精米长、糊化温度、直链淀粉含量）全部达到部颁二级优质米标准，２ 个性状（精米长宽比和蛋白质含量）二级达标率在７７．８％ 以上。但在垩白粒率、垩白大小、整精米率、胶稠度等４ 个性状上达标率低，存在明显的不足。提出了在杂交稻优质育种中不育系应注重降低垩白、提高胶稠度，恢复系应把降低垩白粒率、提高整精米率作为主攻目标，兼顾蛋白质含量的改善。

The grain quality of the existing three line indica hybrid rice was studied with widely used 6 A lines, 9 R lines and their 54 hybrids as the materials. The results showed that most of the grain quality characters of the tested hybrids were good: in 5 (brown rice, milled rice, kernel length, gelatinization temperature and amylose content) out of the tested 11 characters all hybrids were up to the 2nd class standard of fine quality rice issued by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, in 2 characters (L/B ratio and protein content) over 77.8% of hybrids were up to the 2nd class standards, but few hybrids were up to standard in chalky rice rate, chalky area, head rice recovery and gel. consistency, which is the greatest problem in grain quality of indica hybrid rice. It is suggested that in quality hybrid rice breeding, the weight for A lines should be laid on decreasing chalkiness and increasing gel. consistency; and for R lines the most important objectives should be decreasing chalky rice rate and increasing head rice recovery, meanwhile, improving protein content should also be given consideration.