凡纳滨对虾生长性状的双列杂交分析

A diallel analysis on growth traits in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

以来源于两个不同遗传背景群体的凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei为亲本,设置PP(P♀×P♂)、PH(P♀×H♂)、HP(H♀×P♂)、HH(H♀×H♂)4个实验组(P代表进口群体,H代表选育群体),进行进口个体(P♂和P♀)与选育个体(H♂和H♀)间的双列杂交实验,分析比较其子一代的生长与存活情况。结果发现,对虾存活由高到低顺序为HH>HP>PH>PP,PH实验组表现出明显的存活杂种优势,其育苗期间的杂种优势平均值为(27.72±11.88)%,下塘90d后成活率的杂种优势为30.50%。在生长前期(30日龄以前)对虾平均体长和体重的顺序是HP>PH>HH>PP,而在生长后期则为PP>HP>PH>HH。HP实验组在整个养成期(10、30、60和90d)均表现出体长和体重上的杂种优势,杂种优势值分别为24.00%、13.71%、2.55%、2.79%和112.46%、54.06%、8.16%、12.48%。结果表明,选育群体为母本、进口群体为父本的对虾杂交后代的生长和存活性状明显提高。

The authors analyzed the growth and survival of the first generation of Litopenaeus vannamei after crossing within and between imported shrimp individuals（P♂,P♀） and selected individuals（H♂,H♀） using complete diallel crosses to set up four combinations,PP（P♀×P♂）,PH（P♀×H♂）,HP（H♀×P♂） and HH（H♀×H♂）.The results showed that survival rate was in the order of HHHPPHPP,and the survival heterosis appeared in PH,with average survival heterosis of（27.72-11.88）% in the young stage and 30.50 at the 90th day.In the early growth stage（the first 30 days）,the average body length and weight were both sequenced as HP PH HH PP,while in the late growth,as PP HP PH HH.The growth heterosis was found in body length and weight.The values of body length heterosis were 24.00%,13.71%,2.55%,and 2.79%;while the values of body weight heterosis were 112.46%,54.06%,8.16%,and 12.48% at the 10th,30th,60th and 90th days.In conclusion,the growth and survival traits of hybrids offspring crossing selection individuals as male parents and imported individuals as female parents will be improved significantly.