对月探测技术研究回顾及展望

Retrospect and Prospect of the Moon Exploration Technologies and Researches

人类对月球进行科学探测的半个多世纪以来,经历了第一次探月高潮、探月相对宁静期和第二次探月高潮3个阶段,对月探测技术也经历了飞越月球、环绕月球、硬着陆、软着陆、无人采样返回以及载人登月的发展,水平不断提高。在全月地形探测、构造特征认识以及资源探测上有了许多重大进步,但仍主要集中在月球表层及次表层。从对月探测技术和研究两方面回顾了月球探测的发展历程,并根据目前中国"嫦娥一号"和"嫦娥二号"绕月探测的新技术和其他国家的月球探测情况,在探测手段和研究内容等方面对未来月球探测进行了展望。

The moon exploration is not only the important approach and means to understand the Earth＇s evolution process and the Earth-Moon system,but is a concrete embodiment of a country＇s comprehensive national strength. Since the past more than half century of the scientific moon exploration, it has experienced three stages respectively, the first upsurge, the relatively quiet period,and the second upsurge. Meanwhile the moon observation technologies have developed from over the moon, around the moon, hard landing, soft landing, lunar rover and the astronaut field trip, the level has risen gradually. The mankind has made much significant progress in the whole lunar terrain detection, structural characteristics and resource exploration, but it was still mainly concentrated on the lunar surface and subsurface. Reviewing the development of lunar exploration about observation technologies and researches, also according to the new lunar exploration technologies of the current Chinese ＂Chang＇ E-I＂, ＂Chang＇E 2＂ and the situation of the other countries＇ lunar exploration,the future moon exploration about the exploration technologies and researches has been prospected.