限制的限制:德国基本权利限制模式的内在机理

Limiting the Limitation:The Internal Reason of German Fundamental Rights Limitation Mode

与其它国家宪法的概括规定方式不同,德国《基本法》将对基本权利的限制放在各项基本权利条款中进行差异性处理,这种差异性处理通过对"法律保留"的不同规定而达成。作为重要补充,《基本法》又在基本权利一章的结尾处对各基本权利条款中涉及的法律保留本身作了一般性限制。这样的限定模式,与其说是对基本权利的限制,不如说是对限制的限制。在此意义上,德国《基本法》在基本权利规范的理性设计与保障人权目标实现之间的关联上,提供了一种立法经验示范。

Different from other constitutions,the German Constitution chooses to deal with the limit issue in each fundamental right norm separately,and to complete the different limitation through the 'Law Reservation'.Meanwhile the German Constitution also sets the limitation for all the 'Law Reservation' in each fundamental right norm at the end of the fundamental rights chapter.This complicated and careful limit model shows the great effort of the constitution to protect the fundamental rights as much as possible through the reason design of the norm.Actually these limit norms intend to limit the limitation of the fundamental rights.And also in this way the German Constitution supplies an excellent example for us.