钾肥施用时期对水稻产量及穗部结实的影响

Effect of potassium employ phase on rice yield and panicle fructi-fication

试验采用随机区组设计方法,研究了不同时期施用钾肥对水稻产量及穗部结实的影响。结果表明,基肥和穗肥按全钾量5:5比例施入(处理4),水稻整个生长期内钾肥营养均衡,有利于颖花分化,穗粒数最多,产量最高,达13240.52kg·hm-2;基肥一次性施入钾肥(处理1),由于水稻孕穗期和灌浆期营养供给不足,降低了水稻穗长、一次枝梗数和二次枝梗数,增加了优势粒上的空粒率和瘪粒率,进而降低优势粒上的成粒率,导致产量最低,达11101.02kg·hm-2;处理4产量比处理1高出19.27%。由此可知,钾肥以基肥和穗肥按5:5比例分期施入比基肥一次性施入时增产明显。

Randomized block design was used to study effects of potassium employ phase on rice yield and panicle fructification.Results showed that when 5：5 ratio basal fertilizer and panicle fertilizer of total K was applied（Treatment 4）,K fertilizer was balanced during the whole rice growing period,and it was conducive to differentiation of spikelet and add grains per panicle,which got the highest yield,up to 13 240.52 kg·hm-2.When basal fertilizer of total K was applied（Treatment 1）,owing to inadequate supply of the rice nutrients during booting and grain filling period,rice panicle length,numbers of primary branches and secondary branches were reduced,the empty grain rate and unfilled grain rate of superior grain were increased,and filled grain rate of superior grain were reduced,resulting in the lowest yield for 11 101.02 kg·hm-2.Yield of treatment 4 was more than 19.27% higher than that of treatment 1.It got higher yield when 5：5 ratio basal fertilizer and panicle fertilizer was applied than that of using basal fertilizer of total K.