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化肥施用量对有机基质栽培番茄养分吸收利用的影响 被引量:29

Effect of chemical fertilizer dose on nutrient absorption and utilization of tomato cultured in organic substrate
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摘要 以番茄为试验材料,以蛭石︰羊粪=2:1为基质配方,研究了有机基质栽培条件下不同化肥施用量对番茄氮、磷和钾吸收利用规律的影响。结果表明:适量施用化肥可提高番茄产量,促进番茄对氮、磷、钾养分的吸收;氮、磷、钾的吸收量均随施肥量的增加而增加;基质中氮、钾的利用率均随施肥量的增加而降低,而磷的利用率则随化肥施用量的增加而增加;适量施用化肥还可明显促进基质迟效养分转化为速效养分。每形成1 000 kg番茄果实,植株需吸收氮2.540 kg、磷0.751 kg、钾4.347 kg。确定了在有机基质栽培下番茄较佳化肥施用量计算方法为:化肥施用量=(1.5倍番茄目标产量需肥量-有机基质中速效养分量)/化肥中养分吸收率。 Tomato was cultured in an organic substrate with two parts vermiculite and one part sheep manure.The effects of different chemical fertilizer application doses on N,P and K absorption and utilization of tomato were investigated under solar greenhouse conditions.Based on the results,N,P and K absorption and yield of tomato were enhanced by proper fertilizer application.The amount of N,P and K absorbed increased with the increasing chemical fertilizer dose.Also the utilization rate of N and K in organic substrate decreased with increasing fertilizer dose.However,the utilization rate of P increased with increasing of fertilizer dose.Furthermore,transformation of slow-releasing nutrients to available nutrient improved by proper fertilizer application.Under the organic cultivation,producing 1 000 kg tomato required 2.540 kg N,0.751 kg P,4.347 kg K.The calculation method of optimal chemical fertilizer dose under organic substrate culture was advanced in the study.The calculation formula was: chemical fertilizer dose =(1.5 times fertilizer dose needed for target yield ? available nutrient content in organic substrate)/chemical fertilizer nutrient uptake ratio.
出处 《中国生态农业学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2011年第3期602-606,共5页 Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
基金 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(Nycytx-35-gw21) “十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD12B03) 农业部园艺作物遗传改良重点开放实验室项目资助
关键词 番茄 无土栽培 有机基质 氮磷钾 吸收规律 速效养分 迟效养分 Tomato Soilless culture Organic substrate NPK Absorption dynamics Available nutrient Slow-release nutrient
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