转型期长春市就业结构的空间分异

Spatial Pattern of Employment Structure of Changchun City in Transformation Era

在经济体制改革及产业空间重构初期,利用2000年第五次人口普查数据,以街道和乡镇为基本单位,运用因子生态分析和聚类分析方法研究了长春市这一老工业基地就业空间结构的特征。研究表明:①处在特定历史条件下的长春市工、居分离现象并不明显;②根据因子分析的结果,得到受教育水平、普通收入群体、外来人口比重、性别分化程度四个主要因子对2000年长春市就业空间结构影响较大;③运用聚类分析法将长春市划分为6大就业类型区:混合就业区、传统产业区、科技教育集中区、物流业集中区、以农业为主的远郊区、新兴产业集中区,并最终得出长春市就业结构的空间形态特征为:单核心、混合圈层式、综合扇形要素的空间结构模型。

Taking the blocks and townships as the basic units,this paper focuses on the spatial pattern of employment structure of Changchun City in the transforming period,using the data of the fifth national population census in 2000 and employing the methods of Factor Analysis and Cluster Analysis.The author arrived some conclusions.Firstly,it is not obviously separated between residential area and working space at the given historical context.Secondly,based on the Factor Analysis,educational level,ordinary income groups,the proportion of non-native population and sex differentiation level are the main factors,which mostly influenced the employment′s spatial pattern in Changchun.Thirdly,based on the results of Cluster Analysis,Changchun employment area can be divided into six types,which include mixed employment areas,traditional industrial areas,technology education concentration areas,logistics industry concentration areas,agriculture-based outer suburbs and emerging industry concentration areas.These employment areas make up three kind of spatial structure patterns,that are single-core pattern,circle-type hybrid pattern,and integrated fan-shaped sector pattern.