论习惯

On Custom

中华民族在走向现代化的历史进程中，已历史性地提出了必须改变旧习惯、树立新风尚、移风易俗、建设新文化的问题。一个人的道德品质、一个民族的精神风貌、一个社会的时代精神，总是存在于日常生活的风俗习惯中，并总是通过日常生活的风俗习惯呈现。风俗习惯既是认识一个人、一个民族之文明状况的最简洁明了的窗口，亦是提升个人道德品质、振兴民族精神的最有效的着力点。

This essay explores the nature,functions and changes of custom from the perspective of moral philosophy,in order to find out realistic ways of transition to personal virtues as well as socially clear and bright customs.Custom is a human's second nature.It is shaped from repeated practices in sensations.Memory is a mechanism of forming a custom.The process of memory is a process of molding a subject's spiritual world.Collective customs are mores.Custom makes a human both free and restrained.The change of customs and mores is a guidable process.The demonstration of advanced members of a society with the deterrence of the punishments of laws will lead the society to forming expected customs and mores.