渤海海岸带地区土地利用时空演变及景观格局响应

Spatial-temporal land use change and landscape response in Bohai Sea coastal zone area

综合利用RS、GIS和景观生态学方法,以渤海海岸带地区1995、2000、2005和2008年土地利用分布图为基础,分析了渤海海岸带地区近13年间的土地利用时空演变及其景观响应,得到以下结论:(1)渤海海岸带地区土地利用年动态变化率在2000年—2005年间最大,为0.40%;2005年—2008年段次之;1995年—2000年间最小;(2)下辽河平原、海河平原以及黄河三角洲地区为土地利用动态发生的主要区域;(3)监测期内,城乡、工矿、居民用地的面积扩展明显,且主要来源于其周边的优质耕地,但在耕地流向城乡、工矿、居民用地的同时,有较大面积的林地和草地转向耕地,因此监测期内耕地的总面积变化不大,海域向陆地土地利用类型的转化(即填海造陆)是该区域一种特殊的土地利用动态类型,并随着时间推移速度越来越快;(4)整个区域在监测期内表现出多种土地利用类型(未利用地、水域等)的小型斑块被整合,而优势土地利用类型(主要是耕地和城乡、工矿、居民用地)的大型斑块则积极向外扩展的发展态势,整个景观表现出多样性和均匀度减小而优势度增加的趋势。

On the basic of the land use map of Bohai Sea coastal zone area in 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2008 from remote sensing images such as TM, CBERS, this paper analyses the land use dynamic and its landscape response of Bohai Sea coastal zone area in recent thirteen years by method of GIS and landscape ecology. The conclusions are got as follows. （1） The maximum annual land use change rate in the Bohai Sea coastal zone area has occurred in the period from 2000 to 2005, up to 0.40%; the second one in the period from 2005 to 2008; the minimum one in the period from 1995 to 2000. （2） The land use dynamic change in Bohai Sea coastal zone area showed the big regional differences, and the most obvious changes were found at the lower reaches of Liaohe Plain, Haihe Plain and Yellow River Delta. （3） In the monitoring period, the expansion of settlement is the major land use dynamic type, and changing from sea into land （reclaiming land from the sea） is another important change type of land use in this region. （4） In the Bohai Sea coastal zone area, the landscape diversity and evenness was decreasing while the landscape dominance was increasing, due to the integration of some kinds of land use type （such as unused land and water land） as well as the expansion of dominating land use type.